VISITING PRACTITIONERS: PEDRO OLIVEIRA

Pedro Oliveira is a Brazilian researcher and artist, his work focuses on political use of sound and political violence. He considers himself a researcher, who’s research expresses itself through art. 

He began his talk by outlying three themes he feels are essential to his research and practice:

1). Material Conditions of listening- how sound becomes ‘sound’. How the body perceives frequencies as sonic and vibrational information. 

2). Listening as Relation- Not just grasping knowledge, to relate, to ‘give in and give on’ to the event. Who we are and where we are, and what informs the conditions of this encounter with the sound.

3). Legibility and detectability- What listening ‘produces’ about the body, meaning that sound is inherent to a ‘body’. Listening as an act produces the body. 

Germany adopting language/accent recognition software in immigration. 

The practice of using language/accent recognition in immigration originated in the 90’s, a recording would be made of someones accent, a team of people would then analyse the recordings to determine whether the individual was from the place that they claimed to be from. This is mostly used in cases of asylum seekers as there is often a lack of documentation. In 2017, Germany replaced the teams of linguists with software. An individual would enter a room, speak into a microphone for two minutes and the software would return the probabilities of the persons geographical origins. Pedro Oliveira found interest in the idea of machine listening revealing a truth about a person, external from their claims about themselves. He began researching this process, and collected all of the information he could. He investigated into how many times this software had been used in asylum cases, he found that in a single year the software was used almost 10,000 times. Pedro took a specific interest into the success rates of the software, as he found the idea of 10,000 people’s quality of life being decided by software very worrying. He points out the lack of accountability in this process, and the difficulty of contesting the results. Utilising a freedom of information act he found that the margin of error for this software was 20%, which means that out of these 10,000 cases almost 2,000 were probably wrong. 

Pedro was commissioned by the gutter institute in Brussels to do an art piece based on this piece of research. He analysed the paperwork that asylum seekers get when they arrive in Belgium, its a description of what they need to do, how they should behave and what will be done with the recordings of their voices if a dispute was made. Pedro then hired a semi professional choir, and had the leader of the choir select singers from Belgium with a migratory history. He then had them sing the documents written by the Belgium government in a slightly mocking way, like a machine was reading it stretching out syllables. An element of this piece was to highlight these people’s relationship with Belgium, as they identify as Belgians but Belgium doesn’t look at them the same way.

VISITING PRACTITIONERS: ROBERT HENKE

Robert Henke is a German composer who specialises in multichannel audiovisual works. His works utilise computer algorithms, generating sound and image, integrating field recordings, photography and light. His works can be described as ambient, contemporary or club music.

His latest work explores the grey area between engineering and artistic creation, and the relationship between the two. The work began with just one machine, a CBM 8032 computer, a now obsolete machine that holds sentimental value to Henke due him learning programming on it as a child. He wanted to see exactly what he could do with the equipment, gradually Henke added more computers and hardware until the project became a live performance utilising five computers and hardware he developed that allowed him to extend the machine’s utility. One of the things that interests Robert about this piece is that due to his restriction to obsolete technology, everything he does on stage could have been done in 1980. Furthermore, Henke appreciates the fact that the results he produces on stage probably would’ve been discarded as not interesting at that time. He believes the work, at least to him, highlights the change in the collective mind set of the art world, we can now appreciate works created from a piece of technology in the same way we appreciate works created from instruments. 

Henke speaks on the cultural significance of the commodore CBM 8032. The computer had the first affordable CPU, suddenly students in the 1970’s could build their own computers, this created a doorway for people to become computer developers. Another culturally significant part of these computers is the visual layout, green characters on a black background. Henke describes its aesthetic as ‘a future of the past’, and he speaks on how he likes that he carries this subtext with him on stage. One of the most important aspects the Henke is the minimalist nature of the machines, the screen is limited to 24×80 characters, giving what he describes as a limited scale with which to create something pleasing. Henke describes this as liberating

HIs piece utilises the computers monochromatic green aesthetic to provide a visual accompaniment, creating complex imagery with something that is simple in nature. Henke draws influence from Manfred Mohr and his work in computer art, he had a reduction in his creative process due to the limitations of the medium. This reduction, Henke believes, resulted in works that still remain fresh by todays standards. This kind of art has a unique challenge, creating something simple enough to work with a machine of low processing power, but complex enough to be aesthetically pleasing. I think finding freedom within limitation is very interesting and id like to experiment with this method of creation.

Manfred Mohr’s Computer art

CREATIVE GROUP PROJECT #5

‘Ive been away but now im back’

Mixing-

I set the project outputs as surround to allow 3D movement of sound, I then watched the video and recreated the movement of particular trees in the space relative to the camera. This was quite a repetitive task but I found mapping the area interesting. A problem I faced was overcrowding of sounds, this was intended as I wanted the piece to be immersive, however it does get difficult to differentiate sounds from each other at some points. After about 30 minutes I developed a method to make it easier to mix, I first automated volume based on distance from the camera, i then would go to the beginning and pan the audio based on direction.

CREATIVE GROUP PROJECT #4

‘Ive been away but now im back’

Natural sound reflective writing-

I found it quite easy to create the vocal sounds in sound grain as I’ve worked with it before. I did however try to create less perfect harmonies than I did previously, as I feel that this suits plants and nature better, there is a sense of imperfection or not adhering to a particular order. I created four tracks, differing in pitch and harmony (though only slightly), I plan to assign these to plants in the environment. Hopefully the four tracks are diverse enough to avoid melding into one. If not I’ll have to record more later in the mixing process. 

Mechanical Sound reflective writing-

I found it very easy to record the guitar string rattle, however the finished result wasn’t quite what I had hoped for. I thought it would blend in with the vocal sound a bit more, but it seems to stick out in the mix. Also I noise gated this sound with the side chain input as the leaves rustling, this did not produce the effect I wanted. The sound wasn’t as defined as I would hope, it just sounds like its being turned up for a few seconds. I didn’t manage to record the metal sound I wanted due to time constraints, however I will try to record it at a later date. 

CREATIVE GROUP PROJECT #3

‘Ive been away but now I’m back’

Sound walk reflective writing

Im very glad I took the time to plan out the walk. I wanted the recording to feature some specific things, moving through a place surrounded in plants, a close up of plants with interaction, and a change of environment (moving from woods to a clearing). I didn’t think about the fact that all the elements I’m trying to vocode and manipulate are all contained in one audio file, should’ve realised this early to be honest. So I’m going to have to record a few elements separately and mix them in. Also my interaction with the plants didn’t produce as much noise as I hoped, so I will have to record this separately. One more problem is the wind gets quite distorted when I walk into the clearing, I should have used a better microphone with a deadcat on it. Im very glad I recorded a video as its really helping me gage the geography of the walk. 

CREATIVE GROUP PROJECT #2

‘Ive been away but now I’m back

Mechanical/Natural Harmony

The plan is to attach particular sounds to a point in the environment (eg. A tree or plant). I’ll do this through quadraphonic mixing, then exporting as stereo allowing front to back movement of sound. To keep track of plants placement in the environment I will take a video. I have my method of mixing, I need to now determine the sounds I will use. 

I will be trying to reflect the idea mechanical/natural harmony. Im going to build a collection of mechanical and natural sounds separately, then marry the two. 

Natural sounds: 

Vocals- I think I will use soundgrain to sustain the audio, making for a smoother more permanent auditory environment, by this I mean I hope that it will strengthen the geographical permanence of the sound. 

Wind- Hopefully this will be picked up in the sound walk recording, however if it isn’t prominent enough, I’m prepared to record wind separately and mix it in. 

Plants rustling- I think this will be picked up in the sound recording, I might interact with the environment to produce these sounds (running hand through leaves). This interaction could be interesting to explore, although I’m not sure what the meaning or purpose would be (maybe to reflect the human/nature relationship). This reminds me of a sound piece by TomuTomu on YouTube called ‘Plant sounds’.  

‘The plant’s “state” is represented through sound, primarily frequency. The plant responds to changes in its environment such as humidity, temperature, light, and touch. The micro-voltage fluctuations of the plant are detected by Ag/AgCl electrodes. The voltage is amplified and sent into an Arduino to be digitized. The numeric values are sent to oscillators, resulting in the soundscape.’ 

Im not going to pretend I understand how this works, I have no idea. However, I will research this at a later date. It would be interesting to recreate this piece and use the audio in my project but I don’t think I have the time to do it. I will however use the audio as a reference for my ‘artificially created’ sounds. 

Mechanical Sounds:

Vocoding- I think a sharp, mid to high pitched synth would reflect the mechanical side of this project. To geographically anchor this sound I will vocode parts of the environment, possibly the wind and maybe the rustle of leaves. 

Rattling guitar strings- Placing an ebow very close to a guitar string causes the string to rattle against the plastic casing of the bow, harmonically layering this sound results in a harsh yet clean and crisp sound. This sound also has a very metallic quality, probably due to the metal guitar strings. 

Rubbing metal together- Personally I love this sound, very high pitched and smooth. It evokes the feeling of movement with minimal friction. The problem with this sound is that the length of it is restricted to the length of the metal, however I plan to solve this by placing the audio in a sampler and using the alternate looping setting, alternating forward and reverse. 

CREATIVE GROUP PROJECT #1

‘Ive been away but now I’m back’

Bar scene from the Shining

As a group we brainstormed ideas for out collaborative project. The future seemed to be the prevailing theme, specifically using the future to represent or reflect the past or present. We settled on the title being a quote from the bar scene in the movie ‘the shining’,  as the past and present seem to melt together in this scene. The quote is ‘Ive been away, but now I’m back’. To me this title evokes nostalgia, change or development of self, a strong sense of environment and a sense of harmony or balance. 

My Track: 

I think I would like to create a soundscape, possibly built from a sound walk. My intention is that hopefully using a recording of a sound walk will ground the listener in a familiar reality, everyone knows the sound of walking through nature. By using this familiar base, I can hopefully build a subtle soundscape around it, invoking these themes I named above (nostalgia, change….). I also want to use an auditory pallet that reflects my idea of the future, clean, crisp, a harmony between mechanical and organic. I might also experiment with sampling songs, specifically songs that have strong place in my memory, a particular album places me at a specific moment in my past every time I hear it. This might be a fun avenue to explore but I’m not quite sure how I can utilise this yet.